![joule heating comsol 5.1 joule heating comsol 5.1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/s5w21J-L4es/maxresdefault.jpg)
The ring circuits, or ring mains, used in homes are another example, where power is delivered to outlets at lower currents, thus reducing Joule heating in the wires. The use of high voltages in electric power transmission systems is specifically designed to reduce such losses in cabling by operating with commensurately lower currents. However, in applications where heating is an unwanted by-product of current use (e.g., load losses in electrical transformers) the diversion of energy is often referred to as resistive loss. It forms the basis for the myriad of practical applications involving electric heating. Joule heating is referred to as ohmic heating or resistive heating because of its relationship to Ohm's Law. Hence energy is transferred from the electrical power supply to the conductor and any materials with which it is in thermal contact. The increase in the kinetic or vibrational energy of the ions manifests itself as heat and a rise in the temperature of the conductor.
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Charged particles in an electric circuit are accelerated by an electric field but give up some of their kinetic energy each time they collide with an ion. It is now known that Joule heating is caused by interactions between the moving particles that form the current (usually, but not always, electrons) and the atomic ions that make up the body of the conductor. The commonly known unit of power, the watt, is equivalent to one joule per second. The SI unit of energy was subsequently named the joule and given the symbol J. This relationship is known as Joule's First Law. By varying the current and the length of the wire he deduced that the heat produced was proportional to the square of the current multiplied by the electrical resistance of the wire. Joule immersed a length of wire in a fixed mass of water and measured the temperature rise due to a known current flowing through the wire for a 30 minute period.
![joule heating comsol 5.1 joule heating comsol 5.1](https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6874797/bin/Cell-J-22-218-g04.jpg)
It was first studied by James Prescott Joule in 1841. This, in turn, impacts the structural integrity of the circuit and induces bending of the glass plate.Joule heating, also known as ohmic heating and resistive heating, is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor releases heat.
![joule heating comsol 5.1 joule heating comsol 5.1](https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/5c73860a-1bb5-41f4-868d-7f5d1fb00b3c/elp2bf00023-fig-0011-m.png)
Upon applying a voltage to the circuit, the electrically conductive layer over the glass plate causes Joule heating. To prevent the components and devices from overheating, engineers can incorporate convection cooling into the design.īelow is an example of mechanical stress induced in a heating circuit by way of Joule heating. The heating of these structures can cause them to degenerate or even melt. It is particularly relevant in terms of electrical systems components, such as conductors in electronics, electric heaters, power lines, and fuses. In the event that the effect is undesirable in a design, efforts can be made to reduce it. In some cases, Joule heating is pertinent to an electrical device's design, while in others, it is an unwanted effect.Ī couple of applications that do rely on Joule heating include hot plates (directly) and microvalves for fluid control (indirectly, through thermal expansion). Heating circuit: Temperature distribution as a result of Joule heating.